1.      Word for word translation

Soemarno, 1983, 23: Translation that basically depends on the structure and form of word.

This method can be used if the structure of target language is as same as source language, otherwise the translation will be stiff

2.      Free translation

Translator emphasizes to finding equal words and sentences on the paragraph and discourse. Usually it is used to translate phrases, idioms, and proverbs. Soemarno (1983: 24) this translation mostly emphasizes the content

3.      Literal translation

It is used when the structure of target language is different from source language (Nababan, 1999: 23)

4.      Dynamic translation

The most important thing in this type is the message of source language translated and conveyed using common expression of target language. (Nababa, 1999: 33) anything that seems peculiar and natural, either it is linked to the context of culture or its expression had better been avoided.

5.      Pragmatic translation

This translation relates to the transfer and translation of message correctly, the transfer of information of target language is correct according to the information of source language

Usually it is used in translation of engineering (machine and vehicle manual guide etc.), medicine (recipe, drug content, usage of taking medicine) or commercial advertisement (ingredient and benefit of a product)

6.      Esthetic-Poetic translation

It is also called belles-lettres translation. It emphasizes both the transfer of information and impression, emotion and feeling with consider the ethic and esthetic of target language. It is used to translate belles-lettres such as poetry, story, and drama. It is the most difficult type of translation because the art typical of one language to another is different, moreover the culture background

7.      Ethnographic translation

It is used to translate a text of culture. The translator must be able to explain the culture context of source language into target language. In this case, it is needed an intuition and wide knowledge about the culture of source language. The translator must be able to find the equivalent into target language. Otherwise he may write the original word in the annotation.

8.      Linguistic translation

Complex sentence of English that content ambiguity for example must be alternated into core sentence to catch the meaning before the sentence translated into Indonesian. It may be done if the physical structures of language are similar otherwise the mind structures are different.

9.      Communicative translation

Nababan (1999: 41) said that as the others translation types, communicative translation basically emphasize the transfer of message. But it is consider the effect that emerged from the translation toward the reader or hearer. It is very consider the comprehension of reader and hearer of target language. They wish there will be transfer any elements of source language into their own culture and language.

10.  Semantic translation

This type tries to transfer contextual meaning of source language as equal as the syntaxes structure and semantic of target language

The Criteria of Good Translation

Soemarno (1983: 5)

1.      The message of translation is related to the original manuscript

2.      The message of original manuscript is expressed into target language correctly

3.      The result of translation in target language must look like the original one

Catford …